คำศัพย์ที่ใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
1. access n., the ability or right to enter or use; V., to obtain; to entry
a. You can't gain access to the files unless you know the password.
b. We accessed the information on the company's web site.
2. allocate V., to designate for a specific purpose
a. The office manager did not allocate enough money to purchase software.
b. The software architect did not allocate enough memory for the sound card to work in your computer.
3. compatible adj., able to function together
a. This operation system is not compatible with this model computer.
b. Users of software applications want new versions to be compatible with current versions.
4. delete V., to remove; to erase
a. The technicians deleted all the data on the disk accidentally.
b. This button on the keyboard deletes the characters from the screen.
5. display n., what is visible on a monitor;V., to show
a. The light on the LCD display is too weak.
b. The accounting program displays current balance when opened.
6. duplicate V., to produce something equal; to make identical
a. I think the new word processing program will duplicate the success of the one introduced last year.
b. Before you leave, please duplicate that file by making a copy on the CD-ROM.
7. failure n., an unsuccessful work or effort
a. Your failure to inform us about the changed password cost the company a day's work.
b. The repeated failure of her printer baffled the technician.
8. figure out V., to understand; to solve
a. By examining all of the error, the technicians figured out how to fix the problem.
b. We figured out that it would take us at least ten us at least ten minutes to download the file.
9. ignore V., not to notice; to disregard
a. When the director is working at the computer, she ignores everything around her.
b. Don't ignore the technician's advice when connecting cables.
10. search n., investigation ; V., to look for
a. Our search of the database produced very little information.
b. The computer searched for all name that began with W.
11. Shut down V., to turn off; to cease operations
a. Please shut down the computer before you leave.
b. We always shut down the air conditioning system on the weekend.
12. warning n., an alert to danger or problems
a. The red flashing light gives a warning to users that the battery is low.
b. Flashing images on a web page are warning to attract users' attention.
วันอังคารที่ 20 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 18 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Vocabulary ที่พบในข้อสอบ Toeic(5)
คำศัพย์ที่ใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
1. accommodate V., to fit; to provide with something needed
a. The meeting room was large enough to accommodate the various needs of the groups using it.
b. Because the deadline for reserving rooms was past, the hotel manager could not accommodate our need for more rooms.
2. arrangement n., the plan or organization
a. The travel arrangements were taken care of by Sara, Mr. Billings's capable assistant.
b. The arrangement of speakers was alphabetical to avoid any hurt feelings.
3. association n., an organization of persons or groups having a common interest; a relationship or society
a. Membership in a trade or professional association provides business contracts and mutual support.
b. Local telephone companies formed an association to serve common goals, meet their common needs, and improve efficiency.
4.attend V., to go to; to pay attention to
a. We expect more than 100 members to attend the annual meeting.
b. The hotel manager attended to all our needs promptly.
5. get in touch V.,to make contact with
a. As soon as we arrive at the hotel, we will get in touch with manager about the unexpected guests.
b. The registration desk is a good central location for people to get in touch with each other.
6. hold V., to accommodate; to conduct
a. This meeting room holds at least 80 people comfortable.
b. She holds an annual seminar that is very popular.
7. location n., a position or site
a. The location of the meeting was changed from the Red Room to the Green Room.
b. Disney World was the perfect location for the annual meeting since many members could bring their families.
8. overcrowded adj., too crowded
a. As soon as the guests entered the dining room for dinner, Sue Lin could see that the room would become overcrowded.
b. To avoid being overcrowded, we limited the number of guests that member could bring.
9. register n., a record; V., record
a. According to the register, more than 250 people attended the afternoon seminar.
b. Hotels ask all guests to register and give a home address.
10. select V., to choose from a group; adj., specially chosen
a. The conference participant selected the marketing seminar from the various offerings.
b. The winners were a select group.
11. session n., a meeting
a. The morning sessions tend to fill up first, so sign up early.
b. Due to the popularity of this course, we will offer two sessions.
12. take part in V., to join or participate
a. The format for the session is very informal, which makes it easier for people to take part in the discussion.
b. We could not get enough people to take part in the meeting, so we canceled it.
1. accommodate V., to fit; to provide with something needed
a. The meeting room was large enough to accommodate the various needs of the groups using it.
b. Because the deadline for reserving rooms was past, the hotel manager could not accommodate our need for more rooms.
2. arrangement n., the plan or organization
a. The travel arrangements were taken care of by Sara, Mr. Billings's capable assistant.
b. The arrangement of speakers was alphabetical to avoid any hurt feelings.
3. association n., an organization of persons or groups having a common interest; a relationship or society
a. Membership in a trade or professional association provides business contracts and mutual support.
b. Local telephone companies formed an association to serve common goals, meet their common needs, and improve efficiency.
4.attend V., to go to; to pay attention to
a. We expect more than 100 members to attend the annual meeting.
b. The hotel manager attended to all our needs promptly.
5. get in touch V.,to make contact with
a. As soon as we arrive at the hotel, we will get in touch with manager about the unexpected guests.
b. The registration desk is a good central location for people to get in touch with each other.
6. hold V., to accommodate; to conduct
a. This meeting room holds at least 80 people comfortable.
b. She holds an annual seminar that is very popular.
7. location n., a position or site
a. The location of the meeting was changed from the Red Room to the Green Room.
b. Disney World was the perfect location for the annual meeting since many members could bring their families.
8. overcrowded adj., too crowded
a. As soon as the guests entered the dining room for dinner, Sue Lin could see that the room would become overcrowded.
b. To avoid being overcrowded, we limited the number of guests that member could bring.
9. register n., a record; V., record
a. According to the register, more than 250 people attended the afternoon seminar.
b. Hotels ask all guests to register and give a home address.
10. select V., to choose from a group; adj., specially chosen
a. The conference participant selected the marketing seminar from the various offerings.
b. The winners were a select group.
11. session n., a meeting
a. The morning sessions tend to fill up first, so sign up early.
b. Due to the popularity of this course, we will offer two sessions.
12. take part in V., to join or participate
a. The format for the session is very informal, which makes it easier for people to take part in the discussion.
b. We could not get enough people to take part in the meeting, so we canceled it.
By:
Admin
On 07:55
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 15 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Vocabulary ที่พบในข้อสอบ Toeic(4)
คำศัพย์ที่ใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
1. address n., a formal speech; V., to direct to the attention of
a. The article praised her address to the steering committee.
b. Marco's business plan addresses to needs of small business owners.
2. avoid V., to stay clear of; to keep from happening
a. To avoid going out of business, owners should prepare a proper business plan.
b. Lloyd's errors in accounting could have been avoided by a business consultation with his banker.
3. demonstrate V., to show clearly and deliberately; to present by example
a. Alban's business plan demonstrated that he had put a lot of thought into making his dream a reality.
b. The professor demonstrated through a case study that a business plan can impress a lender.
4. develop V., to expand, progress, or improve
a. Lily developed her ideas into a business plan by taking a class at the community college.
b. The restaurant Wanda opened ten years ago has developed into a national chain.
5. evaluate V., to determine the value or impact of
a. It's important to evaluate your competition when making a business plan.
b. The leaders evaluate our credit ability and decided to loan us money.
6. gather V., to accumulate; to conclude
a. We gathered information for our plan from many sources.
b. I gather that interest rates for small businesses will soon change.
7. offer n., a proposal; V., to propose; to present in order to meet a need or satisfy a requirement
a. Devon accepted our offer to write the business plan.
b. Jackie must offer her banker new statistics in order to encourage the bank to lend her money toward her start-up business.
8. primarily adv., first; most importantly
a. We are primarily concerned with convincing the board of directors to apply for the second loan.
b. The developers are thinking primarily of how to enter the south American market.
9. risk n., the chance of loss or damage
a. The primary risk for most start-up businesses is insufficient capital.
b. Expanding into a new market is a big risk.
10. strategy n., a plan of action
a. A business plan is strategy for running a business and avoiding problems.
b. Let's develop a strategy for promoting our ice-cream parlor.
11. strong adj., powerful; economically or financially sound
a. The professor made a strong argument for the value of a good business plan.
b. Even in a strong economic climate many businesses fail, so do your planning carefully.
12. substitution n., replacement
a. Your substitution of fake names for real ones makes the document seem insincere.
b. There is on substitution for hard work and perseverance.
1. address n., a formal speech; V., to direct to the attention of
a. The article praised her address to the steering committee.
b. Marco's business plan addresses to needs of small business owners.
2. avoid V., to stay clear of; to keep from happening
a. To avoid going out of business, owners should prepare a proper business plan.
b. Lloyd's errors in accounting could have been avoided by a business consultation with his banker.
3. demonstrate V., to show clearly and deliberately; to present by example
a. Alban's business plan demonstrated that he had put a lot of thought into making his dream a reality.
b. The professor demonstrated through a case study that a business plan can impress a lender.
4. develop V., to expand, progress, or improve
a. Lily developed her ideas into a business plan by taking a class at the community college.
b. The restaurant Wanda opened ten years ago has developed into a national chain.
5. evaluate V., to determine the value or impact of
a. It's important to evaluate your competition when making a business plan.
b. The leaders evaluate our credit ability and decided to loan us money.
6. gather V., to accumulate; to conclude
a. We gathered information for our plan from many sources.
b. I gather that interest rates for small businesses will soon change.
7. offer n., a proposal; V., to propose; to present in order to meet a need or satisfy a requirement
a. Devon accepted our offer to write the business plan.
b. Jackie must offer her banker new statistics in order to encourage the bank to lend her money toward her start-up business.
8. primarily adv., first; most importantly
a. We are primarily concerned with convincing the board of directors to apply for the second loan.
b. The developers are thinking primarily of how to enter the south American market.
9. risk n., the chance of loss or damage
a. The primary risk for most start-up businesses is insufficient capital.
b. Expanding into a new market is a big risk.
10. strategy n., a plan of action
a. A business plan is strategy for running a business and avoiding problems.
b. Let's develop a strategy for promoting our ice-cream parlor.
11. strong adj., powerful; economically or financially sound
a. The professor made a strong argument for the value of a good business plan.
b. Even in a strong economic climate many businesses fail, so do your planning carefully.
12. substitution n., replacement
a. Your substitution of fake names for real ones makes the document seem insincere.
b. There is on substitution for hard work and perseverance.
By:
Admin
On 09:46
วันอังคารที่ 13 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Vocabulary ที่พบในข้อสอบ Toeic(3)
คำศัพย์ที่ใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
1. characteristic adj., revealing of individual traits; n., an individual trait
a. The cooking pot has features characteristic of the brand, such as "heat-resistant" handles.
b. One characteristic of the store is that it is slow in mailing refund checks.
2. consequence n., that which follows necessarily
a. The consequence of not following the service instruction for your car is that the warranty is invalidated.
b. As a consequence of not having seen a dentist for several years, Lydia had several cavities.
3.consider V., to think about carefully
a. The customer considered buying the DVD player until he learned that the warranty coverage was very limited.
b. After considering all the option, Della decided to buy a use car.
4. cover V., to provide protection against
a. Will my medical insurance cover this surgery?
b. Her car insurance provide for complete coverage against collision.
5. expiration n., the end
a. Have you checked the expiration date on this yogurt?
b. We can expect that the expiration of our Japan contract will impact sales next year.
6. frequently adv., occurring commonly; widespread
a. Appliances frequently come with a one-year warranty.
b. Warranties for this kind of appliance are frequently limited in their coverage.
7. imply V., to indicate by inference
a. The guarantee on the iPod implied that all damages were covered under warranty for one year.
b. The travel agent implied that our hotel was not in the safest part of the city, but when pressed for details , he said the location was fine.
8. promise n., a pledge, a commitment; V., to pledge to do, bring about, or provide
a. A warranty is a promise the manufacturer make to the consumer.
b. The sales associate promised that our new mattress would arrived by noon on Saturday.
9. protect V., to guard
a. Consumer laws are designed to protect the public against unscrupulous vendors.
b. You can protect yourself from scams by getting detailed information on the seller.
10. reputation n., the overall quality of character
a. Even though the salesperson showed me a product I had never heard of, I brought it because of the good reputation of the manufacturer.
b. The company knew that the reputation of its products was the most important asset it had.
11. require V., deem necessary or essential
a. A car warranty may require the owner to have it serviced by a certified mechanic.
b.The law requires that each item clearly display the warranty information.
12. variety n., many different kinds
a. There's a variety of standard terms that you'll find in warranties.
b. A variety of unexpected problems appeared after the product had been on the market for about six months.
1. characteristic adj., revealing of individual traits; n., an individual trait
a. The cooking pot has features characteristic of the brand, such as "heat-resistant" handles.
b. One characteristic of the store is that it is slow in mailing refund checks.
2. consequence n., that which follows necessarily
a. The consequence of not following the service instruction for your car is that the warranty is invalidated.
b. As a consequence of not having seen a dentist for several years, Lydia had several cavities.
3.consider V., to think about carefully
a. The customer considered buying the DVD player until he learned that the warranty coverage was very limited.
b. After considering all the option, Della decided to buy a use car.
4. cover V., to provide protection against
a. Will my medical insurance cover this surgery?
b. Her car insurance provide for complete coverage against collision.
5. expiration n., the end
a. Have you checked the expiration date on this yogurt?
b. We can expect that the expiration of our Japan contract will impact sales next year.
6. frequently adv., occurring commonly; widespread
a. Appliances frequently come with a one-year warranty.
b. Warranties for this kind of appliance are frequently limited in their coverage.
7. imply V., to indicate by inference
a. The guarantee on the iPod implied that all damages were covered under warranty for one year.
b. The travel agent implied that our hotel was not in the safest part of the city, but when pressed for details , he said the location was fine.
8. promise n., a pledge, a commitment; V., to pledge to do, bring about, or provide
a. A warranty is a promise the manufacturer make to the consumer.
b. The sales associate promised that our new mattress would arrived by noon on Saturday.
9. protect V., to guard
a. Consumer laws are designed to protect the public against unscrupulous vendors.
b. You can protect yourself from scams by getting detailed information on the seller.
10. reputation n., the overall quality of character
a. Even though the salesperson showed me a product I had never heard of, I brought it because of the good reputation of the manufacturer.
b. The company knew that the reputation of its products was the most important asset it had.
11. require V., deem necessary or essential
a. A car warranty may require the owner to have it serviced by a certified mechanic.
b.The law requires that each item clearly display the warranty information.
12. variety n., many different kinds
a. There's a variety of standard terms that you'll find in warranties.
b. A variety of unexpected problems appeared after the product had been on the market for about six months.
By:
Admin
On 05:38
วันจันทร์ที่ 12 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Vocabulary ที่พบในข้อสอบ Toeic(2)
คำศัพย์ที่ใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
1. attract V., to draw by appeal
a. The display attract a number of people at the convention.
b. The new advertising attracts the wrong kind of customer into the store.
2. compare V., to examine similarities and differences
a. Once the customer compared the two products, her choice was easy.
b. The price for this brand is high compared to the other brands on the market.
3. competition n., a contest or struggle
a. In the competition for afternoon diners, Hector's has come out on top.
b. The company has decided not to join the growing competition for dominance in the semiconductor market.
4. consume V., to absorb; to use up
a. The business plans consumed all of Fritz's attention this fall.
b. This printer consumes more toner than the downstairs printer.
5. convince V., to bring to believe by argument; to persuade
a. The salesman convinced his customer to buy his entire inventory of pens.
b. Before a business can convince customers that it provides a quality product, it must convince its marketing staff.
6. currently adv., happening at the present time; now
a. We are currently exploring plans to update the MX3 model.
b. Currently, customers are demanding big discounts for bulk orders.
7. fad n., a practice followed enthusiastically for a short time; a craze
a. The mini dress was a fad once thought to be finished, but now is it making a comeback.
b. Classic tastes may seem boring but they have proven to resist fads.
8. inspiration n., a thing or person that arouses a feeling
a. His work is an inspiration to the marketing department.
b. Marta's high sales in Spain were an inspiration to other European reps.
9. market V., the course of buying and selling a product; n., the demand for a product
a. When Omar first began making his chutneys, he marketed them door-to-door to gourmet shops.
b. The market for brightly colored clothing was brisk last year, but it's moving sluggishly this year.
10. persuasion n., the power to influence; a deep conviction or belief
a. The seminar teaches techniques of persuasion to increase sales.
b. Under his persuasion, she returned to school for her MBA.
11. productive adj., constructive; high yield
a. The unproductive sales meeting brought many staff complaints.
b. Alonzo is excited about his productive staff.
12. satisfaction n., happiness
a. Your satisfaction is guaranteed or you'll get your money back.
b. We will print the advertisement to your satisfaction.
1. attract V., to draw by appeal
a. The display attract a number of people at the convention.
b. The new advertising attracts the wrong kind of customer into the store.
2. compare V., to examine similarities and differences
a. Once the customer compared the two products, her choice was easy.
b. The price for this brand is high compared to the other brands on the market.
3. competition n., a contest or struggle
a. In the competition for afternoon diners, Hector's has come out on top.
b. The company has decided not to join the growing competition for dominance in the semiconductor market.
4. consume V., to absorb; to use up
a. The business plans consumed all of Fritz's attention this fall.
b. This printer consumes more toner than the downstairs printer.
5. convince V., to bring to believe by argument; to persuade
a. The salesman convinced his customer to buy his entire inventory of pens.
b. Before a business can convince customers that it provides a quality product, it must convince its marketing staff.
6. currently adv., happening at the present time; now
a. We are currently exploring plans to update the MX3 model.
b. Currently, customers are demanding big discounts for bulk orders.
7. fad n., a practice followed enthusiastically for a short time; a craze
a. The mini dress was a fad once thought to be finished, but now is it making a comeback.
b. Classic tastes may seem boring but they have proven to resist fads.
8. inspiration n., a thing or person that arouses a feeling
a. His work is an inspiration to the marketing department.
b. Marta's high sales in Spain were an inspiration to other European reps.
9. market V., the course of buying and selling a product; n., the demand for a product
a. When Omar first began making his chutneys, he marketed them door-to-door to gourmet shops.
b. The market for brightly colored clothing was brisk last year, but it's moving sluggishly this year.
10. persuasion n., the power to influence; a deep conviction or belief
a. The seminar teaches techniques of persuasion to increase sales.
b. Under his persuasion, she returned to school for her MBA.
11. productive adj., constructive; high yield
a. The unproductive sales meeting brought many staff complaints.
b. Alonzo is excited about his productive staff.
12. satisfaction n., happiness
a. Your satisfaction is guaranteed or you'll get your money back.
b. We will print the advertisement to your satisfaction.
By:
Admin
On 07:08
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 11 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Vocabulary ที่พบในข้อสอบ Toeic(1)
คำศัพย์ที่ใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
1. abide by V. , to comply with; to conform
a. The two parties agreed to abide by the judge's decision.
b. For years he has abided by a commitment to annual employee raises.
2. agreement n., a mutual arrangement, a contract
a. The landlord and tenant were in agreement that the rent should be prorated to the middle of the month.
b. According to the agreement, the caterer will also supply the flower for the event.
3. assurance n., a guarantee; confidence
a. The sales associate gave his assurance that the missing keyboard would be replaced the next day.
b. Her self-assurance made it easy to see why she was in charge of the negotiations.
4. cancellation n., annulment; stopping
a. The cancellation of her flight caused her problems for the rest of the week.
b. The cancellation clause appears at the back of the contract.
5. determine V., to find out; to influence
a. After reading the contract, I was still unable to determine if our company was liable for back wages.
b.The skill of the union bargainers will determine whether the automotive plant will open next week.
6. engage V., participate; involve
a. Before engaging in a new business, it is important to do thorough research.
b. He engaged us in a fascinating discussion about current business law.
7. establish V., to institute permanently; to bring about
a. Thought her many books and interviews, Dr. Wan established herself as an authority on conflict resolution.
b. The merger of the two companies established a powerful new corporation.
8. obligate V., to bind legally or morally
a. The contractor was obligated by the contract to work 40 hours a week.
b. I felt obligated to finish the project even though I could have exercised my option to quit.
9. party n., a person or group participating in an action or plan; the person or side concerned in legal matter
a. The parties agreed to a settlement in their contract dispute.
b. The party that prepares the contract has a distinct advantage.
10. provision n., a measure taken beforehand; a stipulation
a. The father made provisions for his children though his will.
b. The contract contains a provision to deal with how payment are made if John loses his job.
11. resolve V., to deal with successfully; to declare; n.,conviction
a. The mediator was able to resolve the problem to everyone's satisfaction.
b. The businessman resolved to clean out all the files by the end of the week.
12.specific adj., particular
a. The customer's specific complaint was not addressed in his e-mail.
b. In a contract, one specific word can change the meaning dramatically.
1. abide by V. , to comply with; to conform
a. The two parties agreed to abide by the judge's decision.
b. For years he has abided by a commitment to annual employee raises.
2. agreement n., a mutual arrangement, a contract
a. The landlord and tenant were in agreement that the rent should be prorated to the middle of the month.
b. According to the agreement, the caterer will also supply the flower for the event.
3. assurance n., a guarantee; confidence
a. The sales associate gave his assurance that the missing keyboard would be replaced the next day.
b. Her self-assurance made it easy to see why she was in charge of the negotiations.
4. cancellation n., annulment; stopping
a. The cancellation of her flight caused her problems for the rest of the week.
b. The cancellation clause appears at the back of the contract.
5. determine V., to find out; to influence
a. After reading the contract, I was still unable to determine if our company was liable for back wages.
b.The skill of the union bargainers will determine whether the automotive plant will open next week.
6. engage V., participate; involve
a. Before engaging in a new business, it is important to do thorough research.
b. He engaged us in a fascinating discussion about current business law.
7. establish V., to institute permanently; to bring about
a. Thought her many books and interviews, Dr. Wan established herself as an authority on conflict resolution.
b. The merger of the two companies established a powerful new corporation.
8. obligate V., to bind legally or morally
a. The contractor was obligated by the contract to work 40 hours a week.
b. I felt obligated to finish the project even though I could have exercised my option to quit.
9. party n., a person or group participating in an action or plan; the person or side concerned in legal matter
a. The parties agreed to a settlement in their contract dispute.
b. The party that prepares the contract has a distinct advantage.
10. provision n., a measure taken beforehand; a stipulation
a. The father made provisions for his children though his will.
b. The contract contains a provision to deal with how payment are made if John loses his job.
11. resolve V., to deal with successfully; to declare; n.,conviction
a. The mediator was able to resolve the problem to everyone's satisfaction.
b. The businessman resolved to clean out all the files by the end of the week.
12.specific adj., particular
a. The customer's specific complaint was not addressed in his e-mail.
b. In a contract, one specific word can change the meaning dramatically.
By:
Admin
On 06:37
วันจันทร์ที่ 5 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Future Perfect Tense หลักการใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
รูปแบบของ Future Prefect Tense
S + will / shall + have +V.3
หลักการใช้ Future Perfect
1. ใช้ Future Perfect กับเหตุการณ์ที่จะเกิดขึ้นและเสร็จสิ้นลงในอนาคต ณ เวลาที่กำหนดแน่นอน ตามเวลาที่ระบุไว้อย่างชัดเจนในประโยค จะมี Adverb of time ที่เริ่มต้นด้วย " by...." ปรากฏร่วมอยู่ด้วยเสมอ
Ex. " By this time next year Bob will have taken his degree."
" I shall have finished my work by ten o'clock tonight."
2. ใช้ Future Perfect กับเหตุการณ์ 2 เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นไม่พร้อมกันในอนาคตเหตุการณ์หนึ่งจะเสร็จสิ้นสมบูรณ์ ก่อนอีกเหตุการณ์หนึ่งจะเกิดขึ้นตามมา
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดก่อนใช้ Future Perfect
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นตามมาใช้ Present Simple
Ex. " Bob will have taken his degree when he is twenty years old."
" The show will have started before my family reach there."
S + will / shall + have +V.3
หลักการใช้ Future Perfect
1. ใช้ Future Perfect กับเหตุการณ์ที่จะเกิดขึ้นและเสร็จสิ้นลงในอนาคต ณ เวลาที่กำหนดแน่นอน ตามเวลาที่ระบุไว้อย่างชัดเจนในประโยค จะมี Adverb of time ที่เริ่มต้นด้วย " by...." ปรากฏร่วมอยู่ด้วยเสมอ
Ex. " By this time next year Bob will have taken his degree."
" I shall have finished my work by ten o'clock tonight."
2. ใช้ Future Perfect กับเหตุการณ์ 2 เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นไม่พร้อมกันในอนาคตเหตุการณ์หนึ่งจะเสร็จสิ้นสมบูรณ์ ก่อนอีกเหตุการณ์หนึ่งจะเกิดขึ้นตามมา
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดก่อนใช้ Future Perfect
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นตามมาใช้ Present Simple
Ex. " Bob will have taken his degree when he is twenty years old."
" The show will have started before my family reach there."
By:
Admin
On 05:05
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 4 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Future Continuous Tense หลักการใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
รูปแบบของ Future Continuous Tense
S + will/shall + be + V. ing
หลักการใช้ Future Continuous Tense
1. ใช้ Future Continuous Tense กับเหตุการณ์ที่กำลังดำเนินอยู่ในอนาคต ตามเวบาที่ระบุไว้อย่างชัดเจน
Ex. " At this time tomorrow my father will be flying to Paris."
" My brother will be doing his homework when I arrive at home."
2. ใช้ Future Continuous Tense กับเหตุการณ์ในอนาคตที่มีการวางแผนหรือตัดสินใจไว้ว่าจะทำในอนาคต
Ex. " I will be playing tennis at 10 p.m. tomorrow."
" I shall be speaking English with my guests tonight."
3. ใช้ Future Continuous Tense เกิดกับคำอย่างเช่น "soon" ซึ่งสัมพันธ์กับเวลาของการกระทำในอนาคตอันใกล้ หรือสมมุติฐานเกี่ยวกับการกระทำหรือเหตุการณ์ในอนาคต
Ex. " The government will be talking about the price of goods soon."
" The rain will be coming soon."
From : Professional grammar in depth
S + will/shall + be + V. ing
หลักการใช้ Future Continuous Tense
1. ใช้ Future Continuous Tense กับเหตุการณ์ที่กำลังดำเนินอยู่ในอนาคต ตามเวบาที่ระบุไว้อย่างชัดเจน
Ex. " At this time tomorrow my father will be flying to Paris."
" My brother will be doing his homework when I arrive at home."
2. ใช้ Future Continuous Tense กับเหตุการณ์ในอนาคตที่มีการวางแผนหรือตัดสินใจไว้ว่าจะทำในอนาคต
Ex. " I will be playing tennis at 10 p.m. tomorrow."
" I shall be speaking English with my guests tonight."
3. ใช้ Future Continuous Tense เกิดกับคำอย่างเช่น "soon" ซึ่งสัมพันธ์กับเวลาของการกระทำในอนาคตอันใกล้ หรือสมมุติฐานเกี่ยวกับการกระทำหรือเหตุการณ์ในอนาคต
Ex. " The government will be talking about the price of goods soon."
" The rain will be coming soon."
From : Professional grammar in depth
By:
Admin
On 04:48
วันเสาร์ที่ 3 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Future Simple Tense หลักการใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
รูปแบบของ Future Simple Tense
S + (will, shall, be going to) + V.1
---> Will / Shall
การใช้ Will / Shall
1. will ใช้ได้กับประธานทุกตัว
Ex. " I will eat."
" You will eat."
2. shall ใช้กับประธาน "I" หรือ "we" เท่านั้น
Ex. " I shall eat."
" We shall eat."
3. การทำเป็นประโยคปฏิเสธ ให้ใส่ "not" ข้างหลัง "will" หรือ "shall"
Ex. " I shall not eat."
" She will not eat."
4. การทำ เป็นประโยคคำถาม ประเภท Yes / No Question หรือ Wh-Question ให้นำ will หรือ shall วางไว้หน้าประธาน
Ex. " Shall we eat?"
" What will you eat?"
---> "be going to"
1. การใช้ V. to be ใน be going to
ประธานเอกพจน์ ---> is / am
ประธานพหูพจน์ ---> are
- ประธานเอกพจน์บุรุษที่ 1 "I" ใช้ "am"
- ประธานพหูพจน์บุรุษที่ 2 "we" ใช้ "are"
- ประธานเอกพจน์หรือพหูพจน์บุรุษที่่ 2 "you" ใช้ "are"
- ประธานเอกพจน์บุรุษที่ 3 "he/she/they" ใช้ "is"
- ประธานพหูพจน์บุรุษที่ 3 "they" ใช้ "are"
Ex. " I am going to eat."
" You are going to eat."
2. การทำประโยคปฏิเสธ ให้ใส่ "not" ข้างหลัง Verb to be
Ex. " I am not going to eat."
" You are not going to eat."
3. การทำเป็นประโยคคำถาม ประเภท Yes / No Question หรือ Wh-Question ให้นำ Verb to be วางไว้หน้าประธาน
Ex. " Are you going to eat?"
" What are you going to eat?"
หลักการใช้ Future Simple Tense
1. ใช้ Future Simple กับเหตุการณ์ที่จะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต มักพบ Adverb of time บอกอนาคตกาลปรากฏร่วมอยู่ในประโยค เช่น
" soon, shortly, in the after, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow"
Ex. " I shall graduate this coming December."
" He will not arrive this evening."
2. ใช้ Future Simple กับประโยคที่แสดงการขอร้องหรือขออนุญาติ
Ex. " Will you please help my sister?"
" Will you please be quiet?"
3. ใช้ Future Simple กับประโยคที่แสดงอนาคตที่ประกอบด้วยสองเหตุการณ์ ในรูปของ Main Clause (ประโยคหลัก) และ Subordinate Clause(ประโยครอง)
- เหตุการณ์ที่อยู่ใน Main Clause ใช้ Future Simple
- เหตุการณ์ที่อยู่ใน Subordinate Clause ใช้ Present Simple หรือ Present Perfect
คำเชื่อมที่นำมาเชื่อมทั้งสองเหตุการณ์ในอนาคต ได้แก่
" until, when, before, as soon as, after"
Ex. " I shall never stop loving you until I die."
" He will visit you after he has had something to eat."
4. ใช้ Future Simple กับประโยคแสดง เงื่อนไขที่เป็นไปได้ในอนาคต (Future possible)
If + S + Present Simple, S + Future Simple
หรือ
S + Future Simple if + S + Present Simple
Ex. " If she comes tomorrow, she will see me."
" She will join us if you let her come."
From : Professional grammar in depth
S + (will, shall, be going to) + V.1
---> Will / Shall
การใช้ Will / Shall
1. will ใช้ได้กับประธานทุกตัว
Ex. " I will eat."
" You will eat."
2. shall ใช้กับประธาน "I" หรือ "we" เท่านั้น
Ex. " I shall eat."
" We shall eat."
3. การทำเป็นประโยคปฏิเสธ ให้ใส่ "not" ข้างหลัง "will" หรือ "shall"
Ex. " I shall not eat."
" She will not eat."
4. การทำ เป็นประโยคคำถาม ประเภท Yes / No Question หรือ Wh-Question ให้นำ will หรือ shall วางไว้หน้าประธาน
Ex. " Shall we eat?"
" What will you eat?"
---> "be going to"
1. การใช้ V. to be ใน be going to
ประธานเอกพจน์ ---> is / am
ประธานพหูพจน์ ---> are
- ประธานเอกพจน์บุรุษที่ 1 "I" ใช้ "am"
- ประธานพหูพจน์บุรุษที่ 2 "we" ใช้ "are"
- ประธานเอกพจน์หรือพหูพจน์บุรุษที่่ 2 "you" ใช้ "are"
- ประธานเอกพจน์บุรุษที่ 3 "he/she/they" ใช้ "is"
- ประธานพหูพจน์บุรุษที่ 3 "they" ใช้ "are"
Ex. " I am going to eat."
" You are going to eat."
2. การทำประโยคปฏิเสธ ให้ใส่ "not" ข้างหลัง Verb to be
Ex. " I am not going to eat."
" You are not going to eat."
3. การทำเป็นประโยคคำถาม ประเภท Yes / No Question หรือ Wh-Question ให้นำ Verb to be วางไว้หน้าประธาน
Ex. " Are you going to eat?"
" What are you going to eat?"
หลักการใช้ Future Simple Tense
1. ใช้ Future Simple กับเหตุการณ์ที่จะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต มักพบ Adverb of time บอกอนาคตกาลปรากฏร่วมอยู่ในประโยค เช่น
" soon, shortly, in the after, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow"
Ex. " I shall graduate this coming December."
" He will not arrive this evening."
2. ใช้ Future Simple กับประโยคที่แสดงการขอร้องหรือขออนุญาติ
Ex. " Will you please help my sister?"
" Will you please be quiet?"
3. ใช้ Future Simple กับประโยคที่แสดงอนาคตที่ประกอบด้วยสองเหตุการณ์ ในรูปของ Main Clause (ประโยคหลัก) และ Subordinate Clause(ประโยครอง)
- เหตุการณ์ที่อยู่ใน Main Clause ใช้ Future Simple
- เหตุการณ์ที่อยู่ใน Subordinate Clause ใช้ Present Simple หรือ Present Perfect
คำเชื่อมที่นำมาเชื่อมทั้งสองเหตุการณ์ในอนาคต ได้แก่
" until, when, before, as soon as, after"
Ex. " I shall never stop loving you until I die."
" He will visit you after he has had something to eat."
4. ใช้ Future Simple กับประโยคแสดง เงื่อนไขที่เป็นไปได้ในอนาคต (Future possible)
If + S + Present Simple, S + Future Simple
หรือ
S + Future Simple if + S + Present Simple
Ex. " If she comes tomorrow, she will see me."
" She will join us if you let her come."
From : Professional grammar in depth
By:
Admin
On 09:44
วันศุกร์ที่ 2 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Past Perfect Continuous Tense หลักการใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
รูปแบบของ Past Perfect Continuous Tense
S + had + been + V.ing
การใช้ had กับ Past Perfect Continuous Tense
1. ใช้ had กับประธานทุกตัว
Ex. " I had been eating."
" You had been eating."
2. ประโยคปฏิเสธเติม "not" ไว้หลัง had
Ex. " I had not been eating."
" You had not been eating."
3. ประโยคคำถามประเภท Yes/No Question หรือ Wh-Question ให้นำ had วางไว้หน้าประธาน ส่วนกริยาที่เหลืออยู่ในตำแหน่งเดิม
Ex. " Had I been eating?"
" What had you been eating?"
หลักการใช้ Past Perfect Continuous Tense
1. ใช้ Past Perfect Continuous Tense กับเหตุการณ์หรือการกระทำที่เกิดขึ้นต่อเนื่องกันโดยไม่ขาดตอน ณ ช่วงเวลาหนึ่งในอดีต (เน้นถึงความต่อเนื่องของเวลาได้ดีกว่า Past Perfect Tense)
Ex. " He had been waiting since daybreak."
" It had been raining all night."
2. ใช้ Past Perfect Continuous Tense เน้นช่วงเวลาที่เหตุการณ์เกิดขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่องในอดีตก่อนที่จะมีอีกเหตุการณ์หนึ่งเกิดตามขึ้นมา
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นก่อนอย่างต่อเนื่องใช้ Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นตามมาทีหลังใช้ Past Simple Tense
คำเชื่องที่ใช้กับประโยค Past Perfect Continuous Tense คู่กับ Past Simple Tense เพื่อบอกช่วงเวลาของการเกิดเหตุการณ์ก่อนหลัง ได้แก่
" before, after, until, when"
Ex. " The boy had been swimming until it was time to eat."
" They had been having breakfast before we came downstairs."
From : Professional grammar in depth
S + had + been + V.ing
การใช้ had กับ Past Perfect Continuous Tense
1. ใช้ had กับประธานทุกตัว
Ex. " I had been eating."
" You had been eating."
2. ประโยคปฏิเสธเติม "not" ไว้หลัง had
Ex. " I had not been eating."
" You had not been eating."
3. ประโยคคำถามประเภท Yes/No Question หรือ Wh-Question ให้นำ had วางไว้หน้าประธาน ส่วนกริยาที่เหลืออยู่ในตำแหน่งเดิม
Ex. " Had I been eating?"
" What had you been eating?"
หลักการใช้ Past Perfect Continuous Tense
1. ใช้ Past Perfect Continuous Tense กับเหตุการณ์หรือการกระทำที่เกิดขึ้นต่อเนื่องกันโดยไม่ขาดตอน ณ ช่วงเวลาหนึ่งในอดีต (เน้นถึงความต่อเนื่องของเวลาได้ดีกว่า Past Perfect Tense)
Ex. " He had been waiting since daybreak."
" It had been raining all night."
2. ใช้ Past Perfect Continuous Tense เน้นช่วงเวลาที่เหตุการณ์เกิดขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่องในอดีตก่อนที่จะมีอีกเหตุการณ์หนึ่งเกิดตามขึ้นมา
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นก่อนอย่างต่อเนื่องใช้ Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นตามมาทีหลังใช้ Past Simple Tense
คำเชื่องที่ใช้กับประโยค Past Perfect Continuous Tense คู่กับ Past Simple Tense เพื่อบอกช่วงเวลาของการเกิดเหตุการณ์ก่อนหลัง ได้แก่
" before, after, until, when"
Ex. " The boy had been swimming until it was time to eat."
" They had been having breakfast before we came downstairs."
From : Professional grammar in depth
By:
Admin
On 04:54
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 1 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555
Past Perfect Tense หลักการใช้ในการสอบ Toeic
รูปแบบของ Past Perfect Tense
S + had + V.3
การใช้ Has กับ Past perfect
1. ใช้ has กับประธานทุกตัว
Ex. " I had eaten."
" You had eaten."
2. ประโยคปฏิเสธเติม "not" ไว้ระหว่าง had กับ V.3
Ex. " I had not eaten."
" You had not eaten."
3. ประโยคคำถามประเภท Yes/No Question หรือ Wh-Question ให้นำ had วางไว้หน้าประธาน ส่วน V.3 อยู่ในตำแหน่งเดิม
Ex. " Had I eaten?"
" Had you eaten?"
หลัการใช้ Past Perfect
1. ใช้ Past Perfect กับเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นและสิ้นสุดลงไปแล้วในอดีตก่อนหน้านี้
Ex. " The moment of our unhappiness and frustration had gone."
" Had she been at Harvard recently?"
2. ใช้ Past Perfect รายงานหรือบอกให้ทราบถึงคำพูด ความคิดหรือเหตุการณ์ในอดีต
Ex. " I thought I had gone there."
" He said he had done this yesterday."
3. ใช้ Past Perfect คู่กับ Past Simple กับเหตุการณ์ 2 เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นและสิ้นสุดลงแล้วในอดีต โดยเหตุการณ์หนึ่งได้เกิดขึ้นก่อนอีกเหตุการณ์หนึ่ง
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดก่อนใช้ Past Perfect
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดทีหลังใช้ Past Simple
คำเชื่อมที่ใช้กับประโยค Past Perfect กับ Past Simple เพื่อบอกช่วงเวลาของการเกิดเหตุการณ์ก่อนหลัง ไดแก่
" before, after, until, as soon as, when"
Ex. " She had wanted to get a degree before she married him."
" After we had had tea,the discussion began."
4. ใช้ Past Perfect กับคำเชื่อมค่อไปนี้
" no sooner..........than.......
hardly...............when.....
scarcely...........when....."
Ex. " They had on sooner finished their work than they went out."
" She had hardly left the room when the telephone rang."
5. ใช้ Past Perfect กับวลี "by the time"
Ex. "By the time I got to the station, my train had left."
" By the time the sun set, we had left school."
6. ใช้ Past Perfect กับประโยค If-Clause ในเงื่อนไขที่เป็นไปไม่ได้หรือตรงข้ามความจริงในอดีต
If + S + past perfect, S + (would,should,could,might) + have + V.3
Ex. " If she had gone there yesterday, she would have seen you."
" If I had known her address, I could have visited her."
7. ใช้ Past Perfect กับ if only ในเงื่อนไขที่เป็นไปไม่ได้ในอดีต
Ex. " If only I had seen him."
" If only she had been more careful."
8. ใช้ Past Perfect กับ as if / as though ในการเปรียบเทียบที่ตรงข้ามความจริงในอดีต
Ex. " He talked as if it had rained very hard yesterday."
" She slept as if he had not slept for weeks."
9. ใช้ Past Perfect กับ wish ในความปรารถนาที่เป็นไปไม่ได้ในอดีต
Ex. " She wishes she had not come to the party last night."
" I wish you had visited my mother in London last month."
From : Professional grammar in depth
S + had + V.3
การใช้ Has กับ Past perfect
1. ใช้ has กับประธานทุกตัว
Ex. " I had eaten."
" You had eaten."
2. ประโยคปฏิเสธเติม "not" ไว้ระหว่าง had กับ V.3
Ex. " I had not eaten."
" You had not eaten."
3. ประโยคคำถามประเภท Yes/No Question หรือ Wh-Question ให้นำ had วางไว้หน้าประธาน ส่วน V.3 อยู่ในตำแหน่งเดิม
Ex. " Had I eaten?"
" Had you eaten?"
หลัการใช้ Past Perfect
1. ใช้ Past Perfect กับเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นและสิ้นสุดลงไปแล้วในอดีตก่อนหน้านี้
Ex. " The moment of our unhappiness and frustration had gone."
" Had she been at Harvard recently?"
2. ใช้ Past Perfect รายงานหรือบอกให้ทราบถึงคำพูด ความคิดหรือเหตุการณ์ในอดีต
Ex. " I thought I had gone there."
" He said he had done this yesterday."
3. ใช้ Past Perfect คู่กับ Past Simple กับเหตุการณ์ 2 เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นและสิ้นสุดลงแล้วในอดีต โดยเหตุการณ์หนึ่งได้เกิดขึ้นก่อนอีกเหตุการณ์หนึ่ง
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดก่อนใช้ Past Perfect
- เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดทีหลังใช้ Past Simple
คำเชื่อมที่ใช้กับประโยค Past Perfect กับ Past Simple เพื่อบอกช่วงเวลาของการเกิดเหตุการณ์ก่อนหลัง ไดแก่
" before, after, until, as soon as, when"
Ex. " She had wanted to get a degree before she married him."
" After we had had tea,the discussion began."
4. ใช้ Past Perfect กับคำเชื่อมค่อไปนี้
" no sooner..........than.......
hardly...............when.....
scarcely...........when....."
Ex. " They had on sooner finished their work than they went out."
" She had hardly left the room when the telephone rang."
5. ใช้ Past Perfect กับวลี "by the time"
Ex. "By the time I got to the station, my train had left."
" By the time the sun set, we had left school."
6. ใช้ Past Perfect กับประโยค If-Clause ในเงื่อนไขที่เป็นไปไม่ได้หรือตรงข้ามความจริงในอดีต
If + S + past perfect, S + (would,should,could,might) + have + V.3
Ex. " If she had gone there yesterday, she would have seen you."
" If I had known her address, I could have visited her."
7. ใช้ Past Perfect กับ if only ในเงื่อนไขที่เป็นไปไม่ได้ในอดีต
Ex. " If only I had seen him."
" If only she had been more careful."
8. ใช้ Past Perfect กับ as if / as though ในการเปรียบเทียบที่ตรงข้ามความจริงในอดีต
Ex. " He talked as if it had rained very hard yesterday."
" She slept as if he had not slept for weeks."
9. ใช้ Past Perfect กับ wish ในความปรารถนาที่เป็นไปไม่ได้ในอดีต
Ex. " She wishes she had not come to the party last night."
" I wish you had visited my mother in London last month."
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